Book Riots Deals of the Day for April 29th, 2019

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International Study Essay - 700 Words

Studying Abroad College life is full of exciting and challenging opportunities. One of the most anticipated programs for incoming freshmen is studying abroad for a summer, a semester, or an entire year. This is a way to meet new people, experience new places, and break away from the daily routine of college living. Some of the exotic destinations for study include Australia, Italy, the British Isles, France, and Germany. The University of Dayton encourages all students to consider what the study abroad program has to offer. The program offers a wide variety of opportunities to each and every individual. Students will not only take courses while they are in a foreign country, but they will also have the†¦show more content†¦Despite any misconceptions, the study abroad program will cost only slightly more than a semester would while being on campus at UD. The fees to participate in the program include housing, program activities, meals, and tuition (quoted in UD Study Abroad pamphlet). However, some fees are not included, such as airfare, books, and transportation. It is highly recommended that students always plan accordingly for their spending money. Students may request additional financial aid while in the study abroad program; they just have to consult their financial aid advisor. In addition to financial aid, there are a number of scholarship programs that are available and they are designed to support the study abroad program. For example, the Maureen Hanson ’77 Fund, t he ISSAP Scholarship Fund, and Cordell W. Hull International Fellows Fund, just to name a few, are all readily available to give assistance with the financial part of studying abroad (quoted in UD Study Abroad pamphlet). Year after year, students who participate in this wonderful program are willing to share their great experiences, and they will recommend it without any hesitation. One such student is Junior, Matthew McCue. Matthew traveled to Australia with the study abroad program, and while he was there, he climbed a mountain in the Australian Outback, scuba dove in the Great Barrier Reef, andShow MoreRelatedTyco International-Case Study919 Words   |  4 PagesCase Summary: The case discusses the Tyco International corporate scandal that was realized in 2002 when the national television of the U.S. showed one of the most well-known chief executive officers, Dennis Kozlowski in handcuffs after being arrested for misappropriating the companys money and concealing information from the companys board of directors and shareholders. In 2004, the former CEO Dennis Kozlowski and former CFO Mark Swartz were accused of the theft of $170 million from Tyco CorporationRead MoreInternational Finance: Study Notes8980 Words   |  36 Pagesterrorism though these same actions may be labeled terrorism when done by a politically motivated group. The word terrorism is politically and emotionally charged, and this greatly compounds the difficulty of providing a precise definition. Studies have found over 100 definitions of â€Å"terrorism†. The concept of terrorism may itself be controversial as it is often used by state authorities to delegitimize political or other opponents, and potentially legitimize the state s own use of armed forceRead MoreInternational Business Case Study1558 Words   |  7 Pages1. What is international business? An international business is the exchange of goods and services with business or individuals in different countries all over the world. 2. Explain the 5 benefits that international trade offers to businesses? The 5 benefits that international trade offers to businesses are: Access to the Market - It’s when most business depend on international trade for their economic survival. Most countries usually have a larger international market then domestic marketRead MoreStudy of History and Theory of International Relations967 Words   |  4 Pages To study international relations means to study the history of international relations, theory, practical application of those theories and the outcome after the practical application of the theory was applied. Smith spoke about international relations and said that international relations importance of not just theory, but history to understanding The politics of today (Smith 2006). So when you study international relations you should understand the theory but you need to know the historyRead MoreInternational Business Programs Case Study834 Words   |  4 Pageswant to get connected with the international programs, they can do so, by learning who the faculty and staff are. There are numerous of faculty and staff members on the international programs. Some of them include Brad Bodenhausen, a director of international leadership and training center, Yi Winnie Wu, a assistant program specialist, Jinzi Fan, a program specialist in the international leadership and training center, Kelly Cabrera, a coordinator in the international leadership and training centerRead MoreA Case Study of Marriott International9298 Words   |  38 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Marriott International envisions itself to be the world’s lodging leader. Its mission is to provide the best possible lodging services experience to customers who vary in backgrounds, language, tradition, religion and cultures all around the world. Marriot is committed to environmental preservation through using environment-friendly technology and engages in social responsibility and community engagement.   We value our shareholder’s so we will only take steps that will ensureRead MoreWyndham International Business Case Study Essay1796 Words   |  8 PagesWyndham International Business Case Study Challenges facing Wyndham International There are a number of challenges facing Wyndham International in 2001 as they move forward to capture market share of a distinct upscale segment of the business and leisure travelers. In 2001, Wyndham was not a well-known name in the industry. The company had been suffering financially and had sold considerable assets in an effort to promote the Wyndham brand. The challenge of building branch recognition inRead MoreInternational Study Destinations : A Case Study Of Fdi Of Foreign Students1800 Words   |  8 Pages International Study Destinations: A case study of inflow of foreign students in China Rupesh Regmi*, Zhang Zhuo College of Economics and Management Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China Email: regmi@nuaa.edu.cn Abstract The Belt and Road Initiative was proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013, with the main aim of promoting economic and cultural ties between China and countries in Asia, Europe and Africa, apart from cooperation in infrastructureRead MoreCase Study : Navistar International Corporation1148 Words   |  5 PagesNavistar International Corporation â€Å"In my opinion, the Case would be improved by including the following summary† An American agriculture of the nineteenth century Cyrus McCormick, invented a company that produced farming equipment called McCormick Harvesting Machine Company. In 1902 his son Cyrus McCormick II merged the company with three competitors renaming it the International Harvester Company. By the late 1980’s the company had moved from producing farming equipment to manufacturing automotiveRead MoreInternational Student Retention Efforts : A Correlational Study1480 Words   |  6 Pages International Student Retention Efforts: A Correlational Study A Research Proposal Submitted to the Department of Graduate Education of Lincoln Memorial University For: EDUC 511 JoAnn M. Russell Fall 2015 Abstract International students attending U.S. colleges and universities bring valuable cultural and educational diversity as well as economic contributions to American campuses and their communities (Andrade, 2006). Internationalization on college campuses encourages cultural

Economic Growth And Economic Development - 1177 Words

Economic growth and Economic Development is of the highest priority in regards to a well-functioning sovereign state. Economic growth powers an economy through the stability ensured by equilibrium in the circular flow of money accompanied by: growing international competitiveness in a globalised market, increase in real GDP through the appropriate allocation of resources most suited to the expansion of the economy, increase in aggregate demand and increased efficiency in the economy. Stagnation or prolonged contraction of an economy, identified by the disequilibrium in the circular flow of money, with leakages exceeding injections, and a growing Current Account Deficit (CAD), can lead to a fall in aggregate demand, wages and employment. With this fall also comes a fall in the Quality of Life as the aggregate propensity to spend contracts and Government assistance is more widely needed to meet daily needs. Economic development is defined by the Quality of life within a specific region. Quality of life can be measured through the Human Development Index (HDI). This HDI takes into account the life expectancy of a person, their ability to obtain and the quality of their education, and living standards within any particular country. Quality of Life is integral to the stability of an economy and nation state, as an economy cannot perpetually thrive at the expense of the populous. This is evident in the examples of revolution spurred by food shortages such as the French and RussianShow MoreRelatedEconomic Development And Economic Growth915 Words   |  4 Pagesagenda? High and sustainable economic growth is the main condition for the sustainability of economic development and increase prosperity. As the population increases each year, the consumption is also increasing. Further more, demand, supply and population growth also require employment growth as a new source of income, because if not so then economic growth will lead to poverty. Many economics literatures review the correlation between income inequality and economic growth and the results show thatRead MoreEconomic Development And Economic Growth1664 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic development has the potential to transform regions as it creates an enabling environment for economic growth. Economic development is also associated with expanding the capacity of individuals and communities to maximize the use of their available resources. The extent of economic growth depends on the type of the additional products that the economy produces from its investment projects. It has been an instrumen tal aspect in the growth of Cincinnati. Cincinnati is comprised of a diverseRead MoreEconomic Growth And Economic Development915 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic development is the development of economic wealth of countries, regions or communities for the well-being of their inhabitants. From a policy perspective, economic development can be defined as efforts that seek to improve the economic well-being and quality of life for a community by creating and/or retaining jobs and supporting or growing incomes and the tax base. Overview There are significant differences between economic growth and economic development. The term economic growth refersRead MoreEconomic Growth And Economic Development2287 Words   |  10 PagesIn Asia, the economic growth has been phenomenal and the deepening of economic integration and larger trade volumes have led to both developed and developing nations to experience steady economic growth, especially at 10.1% in 2007 (ADB, 2015). Nevertheless, especially with China’s economic slowdown, the Asian region is facing problems such as decrease in labor force, labor productivity, and overall trade growth (ADB Report, 2015). 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The measurement of economic growth is possible that the change in national income in comparison to the numbers held by the year before. In the world today, economic growth is one of the ways to determine how successful is the country’s economic activity (Swanenberg, 2005). This is explained by the fact that economic growth reflectsRead MoreEconomic Growth and Development1547 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH Economic development and growth may not be the same thing depending on how growth rate is affecting the countrys socio-economic development. However important and well known theories of macro-economic suggest that if markets are left on their own, people will improve their socio-economic wellbeing automatically as the result of better economic growth rate of the country. In other words, financial liberalization automatically leads to socio-economic uplift as suggestedRead MoreEconomic Growth and Development2951 Words   |  12 Pagescountry? Surveys are made and reports being churned out that state the economic growth of a nation. Does the rate of this economic growth a true indicator in this regard? If that is true why is it then that even in the 21st century decades after the industrialization and years after globalization the proportion of developed countries to under-developed countries is still wide enough? The answer lies in the economic development of these countries. If the gross domestic product or national incomeRead MoreEconomic Growth and Development1990 Words   |  8 PagesECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Introduction Economies grow and develop, they expand and advance, and they progress and prosper. There are phases when they decline too, and there are economies that experience continuous decay. If one considers long stretches of human history, one knows that economies (civilizations) disappeared altogether. We will not take into account such long stretches of time. We shall not consider too distant a past either. We will leave them to historians, may be, economicRead MoreThe Economic Growth And Development864 Words   |  4 PagesCurrently, the economic growth and development is improving the performance of the New Zealanders that has over the past 30 years made them part of the global market. This requires that Lush improve its performance in relation to standardisation. This demands that it balances its character of its products to maintain a local and international consumer appeal. This is important based on evidence from firms selling luxuries in the Chinese market where maintaining brand c onsistency has been core (Liu

Emile Durkheim Free Essays

Emile Durkheim stands among the seminal classical theorists of sociology such as Karl Marx, Max Webber and Ferdinand Tonnies (Morrison, 2006). At a time where the subject of sociology itself was in its stages of infancy in universities, Durkheim’s contribution is described as the foundation for what we recognize today as social sciences (Morrison, 2006). Though he never considered himself a ‘sociologist’, Durkheim’s theoretical perspectives and social concerns were profound and comprehensive, straddling aspects of   religion, education, economics, law, psychology, ethics, philosophy, and theology. We will write a custom essay sample on Emile Durkheim or any similar topic only for you Order Now Among his central attention were regarding the aspects of Gemenshaft and Geselshaft: how societies were able to function and be efficient as they progressed into modernization when shared religion, culture and ethnic background seemed to deteriorate in tandem as they develop (Giddens, 1971). Durkheim borrowed August Comte’s social analysis where he deconstructed society into several parts and described each piece as playing a significant role in keeping the community alive and healthy, much like how each limb and organ throughout our bodies co-exist with one another. For one component to deteriorate or malfunction, the whole system would be affected. He then compounded the Gemenshaft theory with â€Å"social facts† as he moved towards Geselshaft, a term he coined to describe how each component had â€Å"an independent existence greater and more objective than the actions of the individuals that composed society† (Giddens, 1971). His predecessors like Tonnies hypothesized that we all have a purpose to and for each other that motivates us to co-exists, like a barter system, with the exception that humans are the commodities. For Durkheim, the â€Å"collective consciousness† that underlies a traditional society changes to â€Å"individual consciousness† in a modern society as a result of division of labor. Hence, the simplicity, complacency and structured moderation that gelled people together peacefully slowly dissipates as it becomes complex with different specialization in employment and social roles (Poggi, 2000). Needless to say, Durkheim broke the mold of looking at Comte’s society as a simple family where there was no conflict, confusion and â€Å"anomalies† among its members. It is through these anomalies, or social problems, that we create forms of deviant behavior, most notably, suicide (Poggi, 2000). In a nutshell, the more progressive or â€Å"organic† we become, the more social problems are created called anomalies. And these anomalies are the diseases that corrupt who we are that can eventually tip us over the edge with suicide. Since young, Durkheim was notably a hard-working, studious and scholarly individual.   He was born on April 15 1858 in Lorraine, France into a family of devout Jews. His father and forefathers were all rabbis, yet since young, Durkheim knew he was not to follow suit (Poggi, 2000). He took an alternative path into the secular movement holding on to a belief that even the role of religious phenomena in society had its roots in social understanding rather than a higher, ethereal Being or Divine intervention (Poggi, 2000). His religious deviation could be due to the insurgence of Marxist politics that were sweeping Europe as repercussions of the French Revolution and Prussian War (Poggi, 2000). Nonetheless, the backbone of all his work was influenced by his family’s religious upbringing though they may not be distinct. At college, Durkheim grew a reputation for being obnoxious. Though he won many accolades upon entering École Normale Supà ©rieure in 1879 his lecturers did not think much of him unlike his peers: Henri Bergson, Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges and Jean Jaurà ¨s, the latter who later became Durkheim’s closest friend (Giddens, 1971). Politics at the time made Durkheim a staunch socialist. Tensions of the Franco-Prussian war, the siege of Paris and a new republican government overturned many changes intellectually for scholars throughout Europe, including Durkheim (Morrison, 2006). In America, tensions were also arising from the civil war between the Union and the eleven southern states led by President Lincoln (Morrison, 2006). It is interesting to point out that as Durkheim germinated a keen observation for social studies and social deviant behavior, America was experiencing the booming explosion of migration from all over Europe (Mclaughlin, 1990) due to the political instability. Despite America’s own civil conflicts, North America was becoming the goal destination for transatlantic migration. With its rapid influx of racial and cultural assimilation from Africa, South Americas through to Ireland, Durkheim’s work were soon to be seminal and timely in analyzing the social discrepancies that were to befall the new melting pot America (Mclaughlin, 1990). Soon, the country, under the leadership of President William McKinley at the turn of 1890, was experiencing the very problems Durkheim and his peers were scientifically trying to prove in rapidly developing organic societies. America was undergoing what sociologists describe as â€Å"transplanted networks† – foreign cultures taken out of its roots and transplanted amongst each other in a new climate allowing the plurality to blend into a concoction of some sort (Mclaughlin, 1990). For most Americans, immigration had caused an acute problem: the loss of the true â€Å"American† identity. America was not just having problems with cultural diversity, but also color diversity. Racial inequality was also due to color division. Though the civil wars had removed the term slavery from its context, the stigma, prejudice and discrimination among the African American and the whites continued to persist, causing an over-layering of marginality on top of the European migration (Mclaughlin, 1990). This racial division soon led to insufficiency and inequality in opportunities leading to so many social anomalies (Mclaughlin, 1990). Considering the fact that Durkheim never set foot in America, it is ironic that America was to become the perfect guinea pig of a society for his all future analyses. As more Europeans fled to America, Durkheim grew increasingly nationalistic for a weakened France but left for Germany for a year. His return brought new inspiration. He helped to revolutionize the secular education by introducing social science as a teacher in pedagogy and reforming the French school system (Giddens, 1971). A slew of famous accomplishments came after: in 1893 he wrote The Division of Labor in Society, in 1895 he finished Rules of the Sociological Method and founded the first European Department of Sociology at the University of Bordeaux, in 1896 founded the journal L’Annà ©e Sociologique, and in 1897 published Suicide (Morrison, 2006). For a man of his astounding contribution, scholastic achievement and nationalistic pride, Durkheim succumbed to a bullet much closer to his heart: the death of his son in World War I. He never recovered from his sadness and two years later in November 15 1917, Durkheim, emotionally overwhelmed and devastated, died from exhaustion. Though he died at a young age of fifty-nine, Durkheim left a legacy of social understanding that speaks in volume up till today. One of his remarkable works is his book entitled Le Suicide (1897) that argues how collective forces are instrumental determinants for suicide than individual factors. Though the book was greatly challenged by scholars and skeptics alike, Durkheim’s investigations warrant a legitimate space for understanding, if not comparative study (Brym and Lie, 2006). Though suicide is commonly associated with psychiatric illness, human weaknesses as an escape to life’s difficulties, or mental dysfunction due to substance abuses, Durkheim contends that it is society and its trappings that leads an individual over the edge (Edles and Appelrouth, 2004). What has been recorded such as race, heredity, psychiatric factors, etc are all â€Å"peripheral factors†, far from the nucleus of the causes. The nucleus is by not looking at suicide as an individual or isolated case, but by looking at the totality of suicide in a society: what are the factors causing people to commit suicide? Why are people committing suicide? Based on Le Suicide, one strong basis is caused by an individual’s poor integration into his society (Emirbayer, 2003). By not being able to fit in, one becomes a social outcast – an anomaly – and being left out or misplaced is what leads one to want to be completely out of the whole community, hence suicide. Another cause is when there is no moral or social integration or regulation for the individual within his society (Edles and Appelrouth, 2004). His formulation: each society has an aptitude for suicide. This is measured by taking the proportion between the total number of voluntary deaths and the population of every age and sex against its historical period (Emirbayer, 2003). Durkheim creates a linking between individual pathologies to social conditions (Edles and Appelrouth, 2004). He describes four types of suicides: egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic (Emirbayer, 2003). Egoistic suicide occurs when man finds no more purpose in life. An example is when a person lives alone or has loosened his bonds with his family, is divorced and feels disconnected with others. His sense of non-belonging and feeling non-appreciated would be the triggers that end his life (Edles and Appelrouth, 2004). It is considered the most extreme form and a natural disposition for individuals living in highly developed and modern societies. Altruistic suicide is when an individual gives his life for his group. Examples of this would be the practice of human sacrifices in certain remote tribal cultures and suicide bombers.   Durkheim describes another type of suicide that stems from this extreme form of helplessness – fatalistic suicide. Such suicide results in primitive groups or societies where the individual is rendered powerless in releasing himself from a form of oppression such as slavery or sacrificial cult. Anomic suicide happens when there is lack of moral regulation to the individual and his social group. This occurs when the individual feels morally lost and adrift, setting him apart from everyone else. He may have deviated himself from not wanting to be a part of any religion because there many to choose from, or because the religious plurality has reduced his insight on the true meaning of religion (Brym and Lie, 2006). Through Durkheim’s teachings, we learn that if all members of a society were anchored to common sets of symbolic representations, to common assumptions about the world around them, individuals in their social groups would feel a sense of belonging and help prevent societies from social decay and degeneration. References 1.Applerouth, S. A. and Edlers, L. D. (2004). Sociological Theory in the Classical Era: Text and Readings. Thousand Oaks. Pine Forge Press 2.Brym, R. J. and Lie, J. (2006). Sociology Your Campus for a New World. Australia. Thomson Wadsworth 3.Emirbayer, M. (2003). Emile Durkheim Sociologist of Modernity. MA. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 4.Giddens, A. 91971). Capitalism and Modern Social Theory. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press 5.   Poggi, G. (2000). The Founders of Modern Political and Social Thought. Oxford. Oxford University Press 6.Morrison, K. (2006). Marx, Durkheim, Weber. London. Sage Publications Inc. 7.   V. Yans-Mclaughlin. (1990). Immigration Reconsidered History, Sociology and Politics. Oxford. Oxford University Press How to cite Emile Durkheim, Essay examples

Taoism History Essay Example For Students

Taoism History Essay Word Count: 594Lao-Tse a contemporary of Confucius founded Taoism.Lae-Tse was looking for a way to avoid the constant warfare and other conflicts that disrupted life during his lifetime. As a result he wrote the book: Tao-te-Ching which contains Taos teachings. Taoism started as a combination of psychology and philosophy and then evolved into a religion that shaped chiness life for more than 2000 years. In 440 Ce it was adopted as a state religion. During that time Lao-Tse became know as a diete. Taoism became one of the three great religions of China along with Buddhism and Confucianism. Taoism ended in 1911 at the end of the Ching Dynasty. Much of the Taoist heritage was destroyed during the next period of warlorism. Religious freedom was highly restricted after the communist victory in 1949. We will write a custom essay on Taoism History specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now BELIEFS AND PRACTICESTaoist believe that Tao is the force that flows through out all life, therefore everyones goal in life should be to become one with Tao. They seek answers to lifes problems through meditation and outer observation. The Tao surrounds everyone and therefore everyone must listen to find enlightment. Each person must nurture the Chi or life force that has been given to them. Taos believe in Yin and Yang: Yin is the breath that formed the earth and Yang is the breath that formed the heavens. They symbolized opposites, good and evil light and dark male and female. The Taoists also believe that the five main organs of the body correspond to the five parts of the sky. Water, fire, wood, metal and earth. Taoists are kind people because they believe actions are recipicated. One should plan in advance before each action. The developement of virtue is important. The 3 jewels to be sought are compassion moderation and humility. Taoists follow the art of wu wei which is to ach ieve action through minimal action. Taoists believe that people are companionate by nature and left to there own they will show compassionTaoism as a philosophyThe way of the world was ordered, controlled and directed by The Way, by the Tao. The ethics of the Tao is of great nonaggression and non meddlesome action. The god of Tao is not manlike it is the Way of Heaven and earth, not a personal creator and ruler of heaven and earth god is not something out of this world but something in it. The creative process and direction of the world. It is the basic way of nature to move toward peace, prosperity, and fulfillment. If it were not for men and the wickedness of devils all would be well in the world as is the way of the universal nonpersonal ultimate power-Tao. Tao affirms the worlds nature coarse. Tao is the glory of this world as seen in the flight of a bird or the blooming of a flower. Tao means to live and act in a way that there is no interference with the natural way things should go. Tao is the power behind all spirits and souls all things and events. It gives as to how people should relate to each other. If the way is followed a good life, happiness, tranquility will come naturally. Not by Heavens rule but by natures way. Feel the wind and go with it, see the sunset and be enchanted by it. Do not try to create order but surrender to it as it moves in Yin and Yang.

Principal Causes and Consequences of the Spanish

Principal Causes and Consequences of the Spanish Introduction By far and large, the Spanish-American war is viewed by most scholars as one of the major turning points in the history of both America and Spain in terms of their political, social, cultural and even economic structures (Schoultz, 2009).1Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Principal Causes and Consequences of the Spanish-American War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In essence, the Spanish-American was a short-lived war that was fought between the US and Spain beginning in April 1898 and ending in August this same year. However, in the course of the war, other players like Cuba, Puerto Rico, Germany and the Philippines got involved based on their directly or indirect vested interests in the outcomes of the war. On one hand, there are scholars who are of the opinion that, in spite of the casualties of the war, the Spanish-American war was a necessary endeavor. To support this argument, such scholars point t o the positive results that came from the war- especially with regards to the territories that got colonized (Kaplan, 2003). On the other hand, some scholars criticize the war basing their arguments on the deaths, loss of properties worth millions of shillings, and signing of some treaties which favored the winners of the war while looking down upon the losers, among many other effects that will be duly detailed in the course of this paper. If we are to get the real picture of the Spanish-American war, then it is inherent for us to dig into the annals of history and get authoritative information on the specifics of the war. It is with that in mind that this paper seeks to give a succinct, yet inclusively representative, chronology of the events of the war- with major emphasis being laid on the causes and effects. Once these events are analyzed, a summative recapitulation will be given. Causes of the Spanish-American War Preliminarily, it is worth noting that, just like many wars in history, the Spanish-American war was a culmination of any factors all coming together at one time. In this section of the paper, some of the major factors that contributed to the war are going to be divided into three broad areas: The Spanish world domination and the American need to overthrow them: This will entail the political, economic, social and cultural factors that pushed the two sides towards the war. The influence of the mass media and â€Å"Yellow Journalism†: Here, emphasis will be laid on the journalistic practices and stories that contributed to the war. The Cuban Connection: This will specifically focus on the Cuban interest by both America and Spain and how the need to control it led to the war. The Spanish World Domination and the American Need to Overthrow Them According to Lennon (2002), Spain was considered as the most powerful nation on earth around the mid 1600s.2 During this time, it controlled several colonies across the world especially in Central and South America, the Caribbean and some sections of Asia.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, as time progressed, Spain lost some of its colonial territories majorly through civil wars and the struggle for independence. In spite of loosing these territories, Spain still managed to hold on to a few of its colonies like Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Islands and the Philippines in Asia. Shifting our focus temporarily to USA during this time, Musicant, (1998) says that, having been a former colony of Britain; the United States was initially opposed to the issue of colonization as they deemed it as being immoral and unfair to the countries being colonized. However, as the 20th century approached and the dominance of countries like Spain continued to spread like a wildfire; some leaders in USA who ascribed to the notions of mercantilism began promoting ideas in favor of imperialism. A key principle in Imperialism was ethnocentrism- which purported that some cultures and tribes were more superior to others thus necessitating the need for control of the weaker cultures (Lennon, 2002). It is on the basis of such ideologies that leaders like of Roosevelt and William Jennings Brian encouraged the people in USA to embrace the ideologies of colonialism. Many other people also came up to provide moral justifications for engaging into colonization including the need to spread Christian and protestant ideas, viability for trade encouraged by linking up with other nations and the better culture that would result from blending with other cultures (Immerman, 2010). Resultantly, the demand for the US acquiring her own territories grew exponentially and by the 1890s; America had acquired a fair share of colonial territories making it a vibrant and easily noticeable player in the game of world power dominance (Roosevelt, 1913/1967). It is during this time (the 1890s) that the idea of colonizing nearby assets such as Cuba and Puerto Rico came into central focus.3 After a few futile attempts of peaceful negotiations for the colonization of these countries failed, it was eminently clear that the only way to colonize the likes of Cuba and Puerto Rico was through war or some form of battle (Loveman, 2010).4Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Principal Causes and Consequences of the Spanish-American War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The influence of Mass Media and â€Å"Yellow Journalism† In the 1890s, very few media organizations existed based on immense costs that were needed to run the outlets (Kaplan, 2003). In America, the domination of the media was by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. The competition between these two media bigwigs led to the birth of journalism whereby facts and ideas would be exaggerated or twisted to get public attent ion and increase the sale of newspapers (Lennon, 2002). This competition is what later came to be known as Yellow Journalism. Owing to the increasing rivalry between America and Spain in their world dominance and colonization efforts; Hearst and Pulitzer chose to capitalize on the opportunity by exaggerating facts and events- obviously favoring the USA, which was their mother country. For example, in the bid to make the Spanish look bad and unwilling to allow Cuba to gain their independence; Lennon (2002) reports that Hearst and his journalists produced fictitious and ridiculously salacious stories of how the Spaniards were oppressing the Cubans. Soon, public interest in USA regarding the alleged suffering and oppression in Cuba began to grow with several people calling upon President McKinley (USA president at that time) to â€Å"do something† so as to change the situation and help the Cubans (DeGuzmn, 2005).5 It is based on these reports that President McKinley sent America n troops into Cuba- something which angered the Spanish and, after a series of other unfortunate events in Cuba which will be explained later, soon led to the war (Schoultz, 2009). The Cuban Connection In many ways, the Cuban connection was the major highlight and cause of the war. As was earlier mentioned under the contribution of Yellow Journalism towards the war, the public outcries in USA regarding the Spanish oppression in Cuba pushed the President McKinley towards taking an action- even though, personally, he was not a big proponent of the war (DeGuzmn, 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In January 1898, President McKinley eventually found a reason for justifying his response to the public outcry regarding Cuba when reports by various media indicated that there were escalated riots by Anti-American â€Å"Volunatrios and Pro-Spanish people in Havana detesting against the USA saying that it (the US) was poking its nose where it does not belong (Herring, 2008). It is also around this time that the Spanish Minister to US, Mr. Enrique Dupuy de Là ´me is reported to have said that President McKinley was â€Å"weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd† (Lennon, 2002). Not being able to stomach the criticisms anymore, President McKinley decided to send US warships to Cuba. A few weeks later, one of the US warships was sunk and, as earlier stated; the yellow journalists together with the US navy soon corroborated a story alleging that the US Maine disaster, which resulted in deaths of around 250 people, was an act of saboteur by the Spanish (Lennon, 2002). O n the other hand, the Cubans who were in dire need for independence had promised support to the USA, in case they decided to help them fight the common enemy- the Spanish. The culmination of these factors is reason why the war eventually erupted.6 The Consequences of the Spanish-American War Before delving into the effects of the war, it is worth taking note of the following facts about the war. To begin with, the war reportedly began on 3rd July 1898 with the battle of Santiago de Cuba, the fiercest of the naval battle between the Spanish and Americans. In this battle, the Spanish Caribbean fleet was destroyed courtesy of the American soldiers supported by the Cuban independence fighters thus resulting into the besieging of Santiago de Cuba, and, eventually the entire island (Lennon, 2002). Moreover, Theodore Roosevelt, together with his Rough Riders, were very monumental in the war based on their dedicated attacks and assaults on San Juan Heights and San Juan Hill- two important h ills close to the Santiago Harbor which was in great contention (Roosevelt, 1913/1967).7 Seeing that they were overpowered by the Americans, the Spanish tried to flee from the Santiago Harbor. However, the Americans captured them, sunk their ships and killed 323 people with only one American dying as a casualty (Lennon, 2002). This paved the way for retreat and surrender. In finality, the Spanish-American war ended after 109 days with the signing of the â€Å"Treaty of Paris† being the major highlight. It is from this point where the treaty was signed that we are going to consider the consequences of the war. Treaty of Paris and The Political Effects Primarily, this treaty was signed on the December of 1898 (109 days after the war had began) between the US and Spain- with the Cubans, Puerto Ricans and Filipinos being sidelined from negotiations of the treaty. So, even though the treaty mentioned Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Filipinos, it is clear that the treaty was mainly signe d to benefit and satiate the interests of the Spanish and Americans (who were the war winners) while sidelining the losers and people who had apparently contributed greatly towards the starting and ending of the war (Musicant, 1998).8 In the treaty, America’s possessions, in terms of colonial power, was increased as they were given control of Puerto Rico, and Guam while they sold the Philippines for $20 million (Lennon, 2002). Also, the treaty managed to free Cuba who, for long, had been fighting for their freedom. On the other hand, the US gave back the city of St. Augustine Florida to the Spanish. It is worth mentioning that, unlike the treaties signed previously, the Treaty of Paris did not give the acquired territories a promise of rights for citizenship or statehood. In other words, the treaty considered the acquired territories like Puerto Rico of being unable to self-govern their own based on their inferior ranks going by the imperialistic characteristic of ethnocentri sm (DeGuzmn, 2005). Additionally, America’s name was added to the list of existing colonial empires- something which they had previously fought against and branded as demeaning during the days when they were subjects of Britain (Lennon, 2002). Other treaties, or rather legal amendments also saw their way into the extensions of this treaty. For example, before the war, US congress (which chiefly constituted of Anti-imperialists) had passed the Teller Amendment committing to grant Cuba Independence. After the war and Cuba being awarded its freedom, the senate (mainly consisting of pro-imperialists) passed the Platt Amendment which forced a peace treaty on Cuba which forbade the Cubans them from getting into treaties with other nations. According to Herring (2008), the Platt Amendment was considered to be a stab-in-the back move to the Cubans who had trusted the US and helped them during the war, only for US to go against their words after the war. As a matter of fact, the Platt Amendment gave the US control of Cuba in terms of providing a permanent Navy base in Cuba and giving them freedom to stabilize Cuban Militarily as they wished. It is from such freedoms that later treaties were signed between US and Cuba thus paving way for the rise of imperialistic strongholds of US in Cuba like the famed Guantanamo Bay. The Philippine-American War The annexation of the Philippines, as a result of the Treaty of Paris, caused huge problems. In essence, the Filipino had allied with US during the Spanish-American war hoping that they, just like Cuba, would be able to gain their independence. Failing to accord them independence infuriated the Filipinos and made them feel betrayed. Consequently, on the 23rd day of January 1899, the Filipinos forcefully proclaimed independence and elected Emilio Aguinaldo as their president. Immediately, the US responded by sending its army to put down the fake Filipino government thus resulting in war and protests from the natives silen tly supported by Germans who had vested interests in Puerto Rico. In spite of not having a strong military influence, the Filipinos dragged the US into a hot battle that lasted longer than the Anglo-Spanish war claiming close to 4000 American lives and immense destruction of properties being witnessed. However, on 21st March 1901, America finally managed to capture Aguinaldo, forced him to oath loyalty, take a pension from the US and retire peacefully while ensuring that no more revolts were witnessed from the Filipinos. This, eventually, led to the calming down of the Filipinos and thus the halt of the Philippine-American War. Socio-Economic and Cultural Effects The Spanish-American war has both positive and negative socio-economic and cultural effects. Starting with the negative side, Loveman (2010) asserts that the war expectedly resulted in the loss of properties, deaths of useful individuals in the society, and the loss of freedoms and political power- all which had a direct ne gative economic impact. To this effect, Herring (2008) reports that the collapse of the Spanish empire- especially in losing Cuba- caused national trauma which, in effect, reduced their economic strength.9 Still on the negative side, the war resulted in blood between some Spaniards and Americans, Filipinos and the US, Cubans and Spaniards, Germans and Americans (based on the Filipino contention) thus destroying the moral fabric of the relatively good cultural and social environment that previously existed (Musicant, 1998). On the positive side, however, the war resulted in better economies by some nations, like the US who had new trade avenues in their colonized countries (Lennon, 2002). Cuba’s freedom also had a relative positive impact as the exit of the Spanish paved way for investments by their own people (Schoultz, 2009). In Spain, modicum economic gains were witnessed from the investments made by Spaniards who came back from US and Cuba pumping money and business ideas into their home economy. Socially and culturally, some good language patterns emerged. For example, the intermingling between the US and Puerto Rico led to a hybrid of people able to speak English and Spanish on top of their native languages. Similarly, Filipinos were also able to speak German, Spanish and English on top of their native language (Immerman, 2010). Also, there was an improved interrelation between the Northern and Southern people who, prior to the war were not able to speak to one another (Lennon, 2002). Other General Impacts of the War The birth of opinion-based and hyperbole journalism (Yellow Journalism) The shift in global power and recognition of the US as a superpower and the rise of a new generation of imperialist leaders in the USA like Theodore Roosevelt. Increased Involvement of Africans into the military based on their monumental impact during the war, for example, Booker T. Washington. Increased involvement of political groups like the rough riders in na tional politics Conclusion In conclusion, the increase of imperialist leaders getting into the US government led to more expansionist ideas being circulated around the country thus creating the thirst for power consolidation rather than just focusing on progress. Nonetheless, the lessons learnt from the war by all the involved parties served, and still serves, as a great reminder for the importance of dialogue, peaceful coexistence and good international relations amongst various nations and countries regardless of their different ethnicities. This, probably, is the reason why, up to date, the politics of international relations still plays an irreplaceably key role in the balance of social, political, cultural, technological and social aspects of our lives. List of References DeGuzmn, M., 2005. ‘Consolidating Anglo-American Identity around the Spanish-American War’, Ch.3 of Spain’s Long Shadow. The Black Legend, Off-Whiteness and Anglo-American Empire, Minneapol is: University of Minnesota Press. Herring, G. C., 2008. From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign relations since 1776. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Immerman, R. H., 2010. Empire for liberty: a history of American imperialism from Benjamin Franklin to Paul Wolfowitz. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Kaplan, R. L., 2003. American journalism goes to war, 1898–2001: a manifesto on media and empire. Media History, 9 (3). Lennon, K., 2002. Causes and Impacts of the Spanish-American war, https://luceo.net/spanish-american-war/ Loveman, B., 2010. â€Å"The New Navy’, Ch.6 of No Higher Law. American foreign policy and the western hemisphere since 1776, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Musicant, I., 1998. ‘State of the Union’, Ch.1 of Empire by Default. the Spanish-American war and the dawn of the American century, New York: Henry Holt. Roosevelt, T., 1913/1967. ‘An Autobiographical Defense’, Ch.11 of The writings of Theodore Roosevelt, New York: Bobbs-Merrill. Schoultz, L., 2009. That Infernal little Cuban republic: the United States and the Cuban revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Footnotes 1 Schoultz, L., 2009. That Infernal little Cuban republic: the United States and the Cuban revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. P.10-20. 2 Lennon, K., 2002. Causes and Impacts of the Spanish-American war. 3 DeGuzmn, M., 2005. ‘Consolidating Anglo-American Identity around the Spanish-American War’, Ch.3 of Spain’s Long Shadow. The Black Legend, Off-Whiteness and Anglo-American Empire, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 4 Loveman, B., 2010. â€Å"The New Navy’, Ch.6 of No Higher Law. American foreign policy and the western hemisphere since 1776, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 5 DeGuzmn, M., 2005. ‘Consolidating Anglo-American Identity around the Spanish-American War’, Ch.3 of Spain’s Long Shado w. The Black Legend, Off-Whiteness and Anglo-American Empire, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 6 Musicant, I., 1998. ‘State of the Union’, Ch.1 of Empire by Default. the Spanish-American war and the dawn of the American century, New York: Henry Holt. 7 Roosevelt, T., 1913/1967. ‘An Autobiographical Defense’, Ch.11 of The writings of Theodore Roosevelt, New York: Bobbs-Merrill. 8 Musicant, I., 1998. ‘State of the Union’, Ch.1 of Empire by Default. the Spanish-American war and the dawn of the American century, New York: Henry Holt. 9 Herring, G. C., 2008. From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign relations since 1776. Oxford: Oxford University Press. P.15-25.

Does Messy Handwriting Hurt Your ACT Writing Score

Does Messy Handwriting Hurt Your ACT Writing Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you have messy handwriting? If so, trust me, you’re not alone. Given only 40 minutes to plan and write an essay, most students end up with at least slightly sloppy handwriting. How does bad handwriting affect your ACT Writing score? Can you end up with a lower score? Can you end up with a score of zero? I’ve got the answers to these questions along with more ACT Writing advice. Will You Get a Score of Zero for Messy Handwriting? Bottom line, you can, but it has to be extremely messy.I’ve tutored many students with handwriting I could barely read who did fine on the essay.Many of my PrepScholar colleagues had the same experience with their students. However, the official ACT policy says that an essay will receive a zero if the essay is left â€Å"blank, off-topic, illegible, not in English or void.† The reality is that all of your handwriting needs to be considered illegible and for you to receive a score of zero.Is your handwriting so terrible that you pick up a letter or essay you wrote a few months ago and cannot read a single word?For the majority of people, the answer is no.If your handwriting is sloppy but interpretable, you will not receive a score of zero. If your handwriting is completely illegible, you could get a zero, but also, not being able to make out a sentence or word here and there could hurt you as well. Don't lose points! Will You Be Penalized At All for Messy Handwriting? You might.The ACT Writing rubric mentions errors that impede or do not impede understanding.Errors that impede understanding will reduce your score; errors that do not impede understanding will not affect your score.For an in-depth explanation, check out our breakdown of the ACT Writing rubric. If your messy handwriting impedes on the reader’s ability to understand your essay, then you will likely have your score reduced.For example, let’s say your handwriting was illegible for one sentence, but that one sentence described a critical example that supported your thesis. Imagine that one sentence was crucial to building your argument.If the reader couldn’t understand a single word of it (even if a few words were legible but the reader couldn’t make sense of the sentence), then your score would likely be affected since the error would impede the reader’s ability to understand your essay. If your messy handwriting doesn’t impede on the reader’s ability to understand your essay, then your score won’t be affected.For example, if you’re sloppy, and your e’s can sometimes look like o’s and vice versa, then your score likely won’t be affected as a reader will likely be able to tell what you are trying to say. How To Improve Your Handwriting To make sure you aren’t penalized for your handwriting, you should try to improve your messy handwriting. Write Slower The easiest way to improve your writing is to simply write slower and make sure you make every letter legible.I find handwriting is usually illegible because students are trying to write way too fast. But, Dora, how do I write slower if I only have 40 minutes?That is true.40 minutes is not a lot of time, but you’ll get better at making the most of this time and pacing yourself to write a legible essay with practice. I’d suggest you take as many practice tests as you need to until you’ve mastered the pacing while keeping your handwriting legible.The amount of practice tests this will take will vary from person to person, but I’d say it takes 3-4 practice essays to adjust to the pacing and get your handwriting looking tidy.If you want an in-depth guide to pacing your essay, read our full step-by-step guide to writing your ACT essay. Messy handwriting can be fixed! ChangeYour Grip and Pressure If you still find your handwriting illegible after slowing down and practicing your pacing, you may need to try changing up your grip on the pencil and/or switching up the pressure you put on the page.Too tight a grip or too much pressure on the pencil can make it hard to maneuver. Try loosening your grip and lowering the pressure on the pencil.This should allow your to maneuver the pencil more finely to create more legible letters. Also, make sure to grip the pencil closer to the point, farther from the eraser.The closer you are to the eraser, the harder it will be to have fine control over the movement of the pencil.You can test this out and see the difference in writing a word with your hand holding the end of the pencil near the eraser versus the end closer to the tip.I bet the latter is a lot more legible. Handwriting and Disability: What Are Your Options? Do you or your child have a disability that leads to messy handwriting?If so, you can request to take the ACT Writing section with special accommodations such as a computer or transcriber.Make sure you get the help if you need it! Read more about ACT accommodations, including information on the type of accommodations available and how to apply, in our other guide. Summary You'll only get a zero for messy handwriting if your entire essay is illegible. You can still be penalized if only part of your essay is illegible. If the illegible words impede on the reader's understanding of your argument, then your score will likely be reduced. Try to improve your handwriting by slowing down, loosening your grip, and lowering your pressure on the pencil. What’s Next? Worried about how essay length affects your writing score? Learn more in our full guide.Don't forget to check out our full analysis of the ACT Writing Rubric, with strategies and explanations that can guide you in your essay planning! Stressed about how to write a great ACT essay? Check out our step by step guide to writing a top-scoring ACT essay. Looking for additional ACT study help? Read our ultimate Reading, English, Math and Science guides. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this ACT Writing lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get your ACT essays hand-graded by a master instructor who will give you customized feedback on how you can improve. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: